Malingered and Defensive Response Styles on the MMPI-2: An Examination of Validity Scales

Robert Michael Bagby · Richard Rogers · Tom Buis · Valery Kalemba

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Deception detection and forensic psychology Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

The MMPI and more recently the MMPI-2 have been held to be the clinical standard for assessing both fake-good and fake-bad response styles. In a contrasted-groups design, we compared simulators under fake-good (n = 67) and fake-bad (n = 58) instructions to controls (n = 90) and psychiatric patients (n = 95) under standard instructions. For fake-good profiles, we found that F-K < -12 had a hit rate of 80.6% and was partly supported by earlier research (Austin, 1992). For fake-bad profiles, F > 89 and F-K > 7 were the optimum cutting scores with hit rates of 86.2% and 87.0%, respectively. Unfortunately, previous research fails to confirm these cutting scores and leading proponents of the MMPI-2 substantially disagree on what methods to employ. Therefore, we recommend in cases of suspected malingering that the MMPI-2 be used only for screening purposes.

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1904The Psychological Bulletin 1989MMPI-2 : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 : manual for administration and scoring 1988Clinical assessment of malingering and deception 1980The MMPI-2/MMPI: An Interpretive Manual 1948Subtle and obvious keys for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.1992Essentials of Mmpi-2 and Mmpi-A Interpretation 1993Feigning neuropsychological impairment: A critical review of methodological and clinical considerations 1950The F minus K dissimulation index for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

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