Article2012

Diet, residential origin, and pathology at Machu Picchu, Peru

31 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology

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Paleopathology and ancient diseases Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies

Abstract

Pathological conditions in human skeletal remains provide a wealth of information about archaeological populations, but many are limited in their interpretive significance by their nonspecific etiologies. This study analyzes three common pathological conditions known to manifest in infancy and childhood in the skeletal population from Machu Picchu, Peru (N = 74) with published carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopic data (Turner et al.: J Archaeol Sci 36 (2009) 317-332; Turner et al.: Chungara: Revista de Antropología Chilena 42 (2010) 515-524) to distinguish early-life diet from residential origins as significantly associated with pathologies among the site's inhabitants. Analyses of variance indicate highly significant variation between enamel δ(18)O values, which serve as a rough proxy of local environment, and both cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH), generally understood to be markers of anemia. Results tentatively suggest that individuals manifesting these lesions may have lived closer to the arid coasts; however, no significant variation was found in parameters of diet (enamel δ(13) C(carbonate), dentin δ(13) C(collagen), dentin δ(15)N) by either CO or PH, suggesting that the primary factors causing anemia may have been more significantly related to residential origin rather than diet. Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency significantly varied by both dietary and residential parameters, supporting models of LEH formation from a synergy of dietary and environmental factors. These results support previous research on the etiology of PH in the Andes; they also represent a useful approach to refining site-specific interpretations of pathological conditions in archaeological populations, and exploring etiological variation between populations.

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References

1991Advances in dental anthropology 1993PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ≪ENRICO FERMI≫1986Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture.1996Dental Anthropology 1985Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains 2009The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: A reappraisal of the iron‐deficiency‐anemia hypothesis 1990Assessment of systemic physiological perturbations from dental enamel hypoplasias and associated histological structures 1994Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains: Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History

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2016Cribra orbitalia as a potential indicator of childhood stress: Evidence from paleopathology, stable C, N, and O isotopes, and trace element concentrations in children from a 17 th 18 th century cemetery in JĿkabpils, Latvia 2019Spatial paleopathology: A geographic approach to the etiology of cribrotic lesions in the prehistoric Andes 2019Metabolic diseases in Andean paleopathology: Retrospect and prospect 2017Archaeology and Inka Origins 2013

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