Article1993

Ways of knowing: towards a historical sociology of science, technology and medicine

78 citations0/0 files storedThe British Journal for the History of Science

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History of Science and Medicine Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies

Abstract

Among the many groups of scholars whose work now illuminates science, technology and medicine (STM), historians, it seems to me, have a key responsibility not just to elucidate change but to establish and explain variety. One of the big pictures we need is a model of the varieties of STM over time; one which does not presume the timeless existence of disciplines, or the distinctions between science, technology and medicine; a model which is both synchronic and diachronic, and both cognitive and social. To that end, this brief paper presents a historical typology of STM from about 1700 to the present by focusing on four ‘ideal’ socio-cognitive types – four knowledge structures which correspond to four sets of social relations. To some extent these are period specific, but they do not have to be – hence, one may hope, the flexibility and usefulness of the model.

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References

1990The structural transformation of the public sphere: an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society 1971The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences.1976Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century.2012The Birth of the Clinic 1990Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth 1973Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems.1989Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth 1972Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems

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