Articlebronze2013

The compatibility of agricultural intensification in a global hotspot of smallholder agrobiodiversity (Bolivia)

102 citations0/0 files storedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement Agricultural Innovations and Practices

Abstract

Integrating the conservation of biodiversity by smallholder farmers with agricultural intensification is increasingly recognized as a leading priority of sustainability and food security amid global environmental and socioeconomic change. An international research project investigated the smallholder agrobiodiversity of maize (corn) in a global hotspot (Bolivia) undergoing significant intensification. Peach-based intensification was pronounced (300-400%) and prolonged (2000-2010) in study areas. Intensification and maize agrobiodiversity were found to co-occur within smallholder landscapes. Interactions of these field systems did not trigger land-change tipping points leading to landrace extirpation. By 2010 maize landraces in the study areas still demonstrated high levels of taxonomic and ecological biodiversity and contributed significantly to this crop's agrobiodiversity at national (31%) and hemispheric (3%) scales. Social and ecological resilience and in situ conservation of the maize agrobiodiversity by Bolivian smallholders was enabled through robust linkages to off-farm migration; resource access and asset capabilities among both traditional and nontraditional growers; landrace agroecology and food uses; and innovative knowledge and skills. The smallholders' resilience resulting from these linkages was integral to the conditional success of the in situ conservation of maize agrobiodiversity. Environment-development interactions both enabled smallholders' agrobiodiversity resilience and influenced the limits and vulnerability of agrobiodiversity. Scientific policy recommendations regarding land-use planning and sustainability analysis are targeted to specific Río+20 priorities for agrobiodiversity.

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References

2021Environment and Development 2007Sustainability Science: A room of its own 2011What kind of a science is sustainability science?2008A global perspective of the richness and evenness of traditional crop-variety diversity maintained by farming communities 2011Knowing Nature 2009A Companion to Environmental Geography 2002Migration and Agricultural Change: The Case of Smallholder Agriculture in Highland Ecuador 2007Developing incentives and economic mechanisms for in situ biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes

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2015Sustainable smallholder intensification in global change? Pivotal spatial interactions, gendered livelihoods, and agrobiodiversity 2018Smallholder telecoupling and potential sustainability 2013The “sowing of concrete”: Peri-urban smallholder perceptions of rural–urban land change in the Central Peruvian Andes

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