Task Demands Moderate Stereotype Threat Effects on Memory Performance

Thomas M. Hess · Lisa Emery · Tara L. Queen

70 citations0/0 files storedThe Journals of Gerontology Series B

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Aging and Gerontology Research Social and Intergroup Psychology Memory Processes and Influences

Abstract

Previous research has demonstrated that older adults' memory performance is adversely affected by the explicit activation of negative stereotypes about aging. In this study, we examined the impact of stereotype threat on recognition memory, with specific interest in (a) the generalizability of previously observed effects, (b) the subjective experience of memory, and (c) the moderating effects of task demands. Older participants subjected to threat performed worse than did those in a nonthreat condition but only when performance constraints were high (i.e., memory decisions had to be made within a limited time frame). This effect was reflected in the subjective experience of memory, with participants in this condition having a lower ratio of "remember" to "know" responses. The absence of threat effects when constraints were minimal provides important boundary information regarding stereotype influences on memory performance.

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1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.1995Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.2016Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 2002Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat 2008SF-36 Health Survey.2003The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Age Differences in Memory Performance 2005How Feelings of Stereotype Threat Influence Older Adults' Memory Performance

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