Acute Stress Disorder as a Predictor of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Physical Assault Victims

Ask Elklit · Ole Brink

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Child Abuse and Trauma Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Abstract

The authors' objective was to examine the ability of acute stress disorder (ASD) and other trauma-related factors in a group of physical assault victims in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months later. Subjects included 214 victims of violence who completed a questionnaire 1 to 2 weeks after the assault, with 128 participating in the follow-up. Measures included the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Trauma Symptom Checklist, and the Crisis Support Scale. Twenty-two percent met the full PTSD diagnosis and 22% a subclinical PTSD diagnosis. Previous lifetime shock due to a traumatic event happening to someone close, threats during the assault, and dissociation explained 56% of PTSD variance. Inability to express feelings, hypervigilance, impairment, and hopelessness explained another 15% of PTSD variance. The dissociative, the reexperiencing, the avoidant, and the arousal criteria of the ASD diagnosis correctly classified 79% of the subsequent PTSD cases.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1995Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey 1976Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress 2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition 1993Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder 1991Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults 1993Stress-Response Syndromes 1992The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees.

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2018Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder and depression following violence related injury treated at the emergency department: a systematic review 2019Acute mental health symptoms among individuals receiving a sexual assault medical forensic exam: the role of previous intimate partner violence victimization

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