Effect of Producing Sons on Maternal Longevity in Premodern Populations

Abstract

Helle et al .( 1) showed that producing and raising sons reduced the longevity of preindustrial Sami women, whereas daughters tended to have the opposite effect. They suggested that the life-shortening effect of sons could be attributed to higher endocrinological or physiological costs of producing sons compared with those of producing daughters, and that the life-elongating effect of raising daughters might be the outcome of daughters helping in the household of their mothers. To examine the validity of those ideas, we explored the costs of producing sons rather than daughters in the

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