Watching the Clock Tick: Factors Associated with TANF Accumulation

Kristin S. Seefeldt · Sean Orzol

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Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations Social Policies and Family

Abstract

The 1996 welfare reform made extended welfare stays more difficult. One of the most notable provisions was the 60-month lifetime limit on cash benefits through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program. This study investigated the personal characteristics associated with accumulating more months on TANF. Using four waves of data from the Women's Employment Study, we examined factors surrounding receipt at varying levels: low (less than 20 months), medium (20 to 39 months), and high (40 to 60 months). Medium and high accumulation groups had many factors in common relative to the low group. However, demographic variables, such as the presence of a partner and number of children, mattered more in determining whether someone would accumulate a relatively low as opposed to medium amount of time on TANF. For the high accumulation group, the presence of human capital problems, as well as persistent personal and family challenges, such as child and maternal health problems and domestic violence, greatly increased the likelihood of a longer stay.

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References

1999Barriers to the Employment of Welfare Recipients 1996Life after Welfare: Women, Work, and Repeat Dependency 2000A Review of Research on Welfare and Domestic Violence 2002Before and After TANF: The Economic Well‐Being of Women Leaving Welfare 1987The Duration of Welfare Spells 2002Sanctions and Material Hardship under TANF 2000Anti-Poverty Policy for Families in the Next Century: From Welfare to Work—and Worries 2004Leaving Welfare: Employment and Well-Being of Families that Left Welfare in the Post-Entitlement Era

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2007The relationship between income and material hardship 2009What We Know, What We Don't Know, and What We Need to Know about Welfare Reform 2007Improving Employment Participation for Welfare Recipients Facing Personal Barriers 2012How has the TANF caseload changed over time?2012The Dynamics of Women Disconnected from Employment and Welfare 2012Intimate Partner Violence and Welfare Participation

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