The quantum Hall effect as an electrical resistance standard

Abstract

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) provides an invariant reference for resistance linked to natural constants. It is used worldwide to maintain and compare the unit of resistance. The reproducibility reached today is almost two orders of magnitude better than the uncertainty of the determination of the ohm in the International System of Units. This article is a summary of a recently published review article which focuses mainly on the aspects of the QHE relevant for its metrological application.

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