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Abstract: The penal landscape in the Republic of Ireland has changed significantly since the mid‐1990s. Most notably, the average daily prison population grew swiftly at a time when recorded crime was falling. This contradictory trend was due to a combination of factors including the politicisation of the debate about crime, a build up of long‐sentence prisoners, an expansion of the remand population and a reduction in the use of early release to ease overcrowding. The costs of incarceration, especially prison officer overtime, became the focus of acute concern and for the first time foreign nationals became a significant presence in Irish prisons.
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