Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE)

Abstract

The major aim of the study was to develop and validate the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). A growing body of literature suggested that volunteer motivations vary with the nature of the volunteer activity and context. Although numerous studies have identified various volunteer motivational factors on human services in general, little study has attempted to conduct a volunteer study at mega international sporting events. In the study, using the 2002 FIFA World Cup volunteer sample, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a six-factor solution: expression of values, patriotism, interpersonal contacts, personal growth, career orientation, and extrinsic rewards. The six factor model was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis in a different data set from the 2002 Asian Games volunteers. The goodness-of-fit indices demonstrated the robustness of the VMS-ISE and its usefulness for assessing volunteer motivations at mega international sporting events. The results also indicated that marital status had a significant effect on all volunteer motivational dimensions.

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