Using a realistic experimental design, this article tests two hypotheses concerning the relative effectiveness of campaign advertising. The first (issue-ownership) hypothesis predicts that candidates gain the most from advertising on issues over which they can claim “ownership.” The second (riding-the-wave) hypothesis predicts that candidates are better off when they synchronize their advertising with news coverage. Our two studies yield support for the issue-ownership hypothesis, but no evidence of interactive effects between advertising and news.
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