Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation

Lena Wängnerud

778 citations0/0 files storedAnnual Review of Political Science

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Gender Politics and Representation Electoral Systems and Political Participation Gender Diversity and Inequality

Abstract

This essay reviews two research programs. The first focuses on variations in the number of women elected to national parliaments in the world (descriptive representation), and the second focuses on effects of women's presence in parliament (substantive representation). The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. The safest position would be to say that results are “mixed” when it comes to empirical support for the theory of the politics of presence. However, when a large number of studies covering a wide set of indicators on the importance of gender in the parliamentary process are piled together, the picture that emerges shows that female politicians contribute to strengthening the position of women's interests.

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References

1967The Concept of Representation 2003Rising Tide 199828. The Politics of Presence 2000The Gendered Society 1988From a Small to a Large Minority: Women in Scandinavian Politics 2003Gender and party politics

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