Techniques for Mitigating Urban Sprawl

Robert G. Paterson · Susan Handy · Kara Maria Kockelman · Chandra R. Bhat · Jumin Song · Jayanthi Rajamani +3 more

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

Urban sprawl, driven by population and economic growth, is a pressing issue in the U.S., partly because of its contribution to growing levels of vehicle miles traveled (VMT). According to government figures, new development is gobbling up land at an alarming rate of 365 acres per hour (Natural Resources Defense Council 2002). Between 1960 and 1990, the amount of developed land in metro areas more than doubled, while the population grew by less than half (National Resource Defense Council 2001). In response, various efforts to mitigate urban sprawl have been and are being developed and implemented in different contexts and with different intents under the popular umbrella of “smart growth.” Transportation plays an important role in these efforts. Transportation investments and policies can be used to influence development patterns, and policies that promote more compact development can help to slow the growth in VMT. This report identifies transportation-related and growth-management strategies and policy actions used in smart growth efforts and catalogues them with respect to goals, characteristics, and suitability factors in the form of six matrices, designed as a guide for communities in Texas in the selection of sprawl mitigation techniques appropriate to their specific contexts. The matrices were developed based on an extensive review of the literature and a review by an expert panel of leading land use and transportation researchers. The report discusses the problem of urban sprawl and efforts to mitigate it, describes the development of the matrices, presents the matrices and supporting materials, presents two Texas applications of the matrices in case study form, and discusses future research needs.

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References

1997Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design 2001Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis 2001Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept 1996Mixed land-uses and commuting: Evidence from the American Housing Survey 1989Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia 2000Transportation–land-use interaction: empirical findings in North America, and their implications for modeling 1997Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area 1996Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented neighborhoods

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