"Where Have All the Spaniards Gone" Independent Identities: Ethnicities, Class and the Emergent National State

Abstract

This article documents the constaiction and contestation of ethnic identity in Guatemala during the transition from Spanish colonial aile to control by new national elites. It makes the case that locally‐based systems of identification survived w ell into the late nineteenth century The tension between official categories and the continued diversity at the local level points to the need for a clearer understanding of the nature of state power at that time. The suite lacked infrastructure and power to earn out a transformation of the ways in which the nation s inhabitants understood their identities. The author concludes by calling for explanations of the true complexity of identity politics in contemporary Guatemala that go beyond a simple dichotomy between Indians and Ladinos.

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