STRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES

Gilbert C. Gee · Chandra L. Ford

1,387 citations0/0 files storedDu Bois Review Social Science Research on Race

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Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Health disparities and outcomes Gender, Health, and Social Inequality

Abstract

Racial minorities bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality. These inequities might be explained by racism, given the fact that racism has restricted the lives of racial minorities and immigrants throughout history. Recent studies have documented that individuals who report experiencing racism have greater rates of illnesses. While this body of research has been invaluable in advancing knowledge on health inequities, it still locates the experiences of racism at the individual level. Yet, the health of social groups is likely most strongly affected by structural, rather than individual, phenomena. The structural forms of racism and their relationship to health inequities remain under-studied. This article reviews several ways of conceptualizing structural racism, with a focus on social segregation, immigration policy, and intergenerational effects. Studies of disparities should more seriously consider the multiple dimensions of structural racism as fundamental causes of health disparities.

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References

1995Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease 2008Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research 1997Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation 1997Measuring Social Class in US Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines 1995Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease 2000Levels of racism: a theoretic framework and a gardener's tale 2001Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health 2001Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health

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2013Racism and Health I 2012More than culture: Structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health 2019The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health 2012Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach 2014Systemic racism and U.S. health care 2020Racial Capitalism: A Fundamental Cause of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Inequities in the United States

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