Who are the champions? (An analysis of football and architecture)

Abstract

Association Football is a highly competitive business. In this article Filippo dell'Osso and Stefan Szymanski ask how Liverpool FC the most successful team in the English Football League of the last 20 years have achieved their record. They identify four general categories of distinctive capability which can create competitive advantage: monopoly, reputation, technology and architecture. Nottingham Forest derives its performance by monopolising a unique input: Brian Clough. Manchester United survive on the basis of its reputation. Liverpool's success derives from the club's “architecture”, the structure of contracts and relationships which makes the whole greater than the sum of its parts.

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