Exemplar and prototype models revisited: Response strategies, selective attention, and stimulus generalization.

Robert M. Nosofsky · Safa R. Zaki

211 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition

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Categorization, perception, and language Social and Intergroup Psychology Memory Processes and Influences

Abstract

J. D. Smith and colleagues (J. P. Minda & J. D. Smith, 2001; J. D. Smith & J. P. Minda, 1998,2000; J. D. Smith, M. J. Murray, & J. P. Minda, 1997) presented evidence that they claimed challenged the predictions of exemplar models and that supported prototype models. In the authors' view, this evidence confounded the issue of the nature of the category representation with the type of response rule (probabilistic vs. deterministic) that was used. Also, their designs did not test whether the prototype models correctly predicted generalization performance. The present work demonstrates that an exemplar model that includes a response-scaling mechanism provides a natural account of all of Smith et al.'s experimental results. Furthermore, the exemplar model predicts classification performance better than the prototype models when novel transfer stimuli are included in the experimental designs.

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References

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2011The generalized context model: an exemplar model of classification 2012Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics 2009Optimal experimental design for model discrimination.2005Thirty-Something Categorization Results Explained: Selective Attention, Eyetracking, and Models of Category Learning.2008In search of abstraction: The varying abstraction model of categorization 2005The Dynamics of Scaling: A Memory-Based Anchor Model of Category Rating and Absolute Identification.

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