Gender quotas in single-member district electoral systems

Skye Christensen · Gabrielle Bardall

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Gender Politics and Representation Electoral Systems and Political Participation Gender Diversity and Inequality

Abstract

Conventional knowledge on the effectiveness of gender quotas for enhancing women's political participation has, to date, been unanimous on the superiority of quotas in proportional representation (PR) systems. Yet this view overlooks the many possible alternatives to implementing gender quotas in single-member district (SMD) systems. This paper studies gender quotas (or temporary special measures) in SMD electoral systems. Drawing on case examples from Uganda, France, India and elsewhere, we refute the myth of the incompatibility of quotas in SMDs. Our research investigates and presents multiple ways in which quotas can be successfully implemented in SMDs.

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References

2004Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India 1993Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Male and Female Candidates 2009Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias? *1999Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies 2004Electoral Engineering 2004Electoral engineering: voting rules and political behavior 2009Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions 1996The Contagion of Women Candidates in Single-Member District and Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Canada and Norway

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