Evaluation of the implementation process of urban road pricing schemes in the United Kingdom and Italy

Abstract

This paper is based upon detailed research that has taken place in the UK and Italy, on the \nimplementation strategies for urban road pricing schemes. In the UK, both in London and Durham, the \nRoad User Charging schemes required new legislation, and were implemented rapidly. The time from \nannouncement to implementation took three years and the schemes were introduced after short periods of \nintensive planning, consultations and stakeholder networking. In Italy, the situation has been very \ndifferent. The road pricing schemes in Rome and Genoa were not introduced under specific legislation \nbut rather evolved from access control zones originally implemented in historic urban centres. The \nincremental introduction of the Italian road pricing experiments has taken approximately ten years. \nThe paper undertakes a comparison of these different strategies to introduce urban road pricing and the \nlessons they contain for the development of similar measures elsewhere. The comparison of the different \nimplementing experiences is undertaken using Strategic Policy Niche Management, a method designed to \nexplore, among other factors, the dynamics of the stakeholder networks involved in planning, introducing, \nmarketing and managing radical urban Travel Demand Management policies.

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