The Missing Link to Child Safety, Permanency, and Well-Being: Addressing Substance Misuse in Child Welfare

Dorian E. Traube

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Child Welfare and Adoption Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

Parental substance misuse places families at risk for involvement in Child Welfare Services (CWS) (Barth, Gibbons, & Guo, 2006). Furthermore, maltreated children of parents who misuse substances are more likely to misuse substances in adulthood than are maltreated children of parents who do not misuse substances (Schuck & Widom, 2001). More than 10% of all children in the United States live with a parent who misuses or is addicted to alcohol or drugs (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, 2008). These children are disproportionately at risk for both poor developmental outcomes (Osborne & Berger, 2009) and being abused or neglected (Walsh, MacMillan, & Jamieson, 2003). They are also at risk for becoming involved with Child Protective Services and, potentially, for being removed from home and placed in substitute care if their home environment is deemed a threat to their safety. The child welfare system may be the locus of a vicious circle of intergenerational substance use. Maltreated children of parents who misuse substances will themselves be comparatively likely to misuse substances in adulthood (Schuck & Widom, 2001). Although CWS are intended, in part, to diminish maltreatment's negative impact on adolescents' substance use, there is evidence that receiving CWS affects adolescents' substance use adversely. Furthermore, experience in foster care or other out-of-home placement has been associated with substance misuse in adulthood (Zlotnick, Tam, & Robertson, 2004).

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References

2003The relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment: findings from the Ontario Health Supplement 1991Substance abuse and serious child mistreatment: Prevalence, risk, and outcome in a court sample 2006Psychiatric symptoms and substance use disorders in a nationally representative sample of American adolescents involved with foster care 2008Effects of a Foster Parent Training Intervention on Placement Changes of Children in Foster Care 2007Parental Substance Use Disorders and Child Maltreatment: Overlap, Gaps, and Opportunities 2006Substance use and abuse among older youth in foster care 1999Caregiver substance abuse among maltreated children placed in out-of-home care.1996Parental substance abuse and child maltreatment: Review and implications for intervention

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2017Remaining home: Well-being outcomes and co-occurring parental substance use following a maltreatment investigation in middle childhood 2021Feasibility of engaging child welfare-involved parents with substance use disorders in research: key challenges and lessons learned

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