Urinary gonadotropin and estrogen excretion during the postpartum estrus, conception, and pregnancy in the cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)

Toni E. Ziegler · William E. Bridson · Charles T. Snowdon · Svetlana Eman

104 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Primatology

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Reproductive Physiology in Livestock Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Abstract

Hormonal profiles during postpartum estrus, time of conception, and pregnancy were determined in urine samples from six cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus). Noninvasive collection techniques permitted daily sampling throughout lactation and pregnancy. Urinary estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and both bioactive and immunoreactive luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) measures revealed an interval of 19 ± 2.07 (S E M) days between parturition and the postpartum ovulatory LH peak. An increase in both E1 and E2 was seen prior to the LH peak; however, E1 and E2 continued to increase to their highest concentrations after the LH peak. Since postpartum ovulations resulted in pregnancy, neither postpartum estrus nor conception was suppressed by lactation. The length of gestation (measured from the LH peak to parturition) was 183.7 ± 1.14 (S E M) days, which is at least 30 days longer than that previously reported for other callitrichid species. Both E1 and E2 reached their maximum levels during midpregnancy but showed a rapid decline at parturition. Gestational levels of CG were first detectable approximately 20 days after the LH peak and continued to be elevated for approximately 80 days. The Sub-Human Primate Tube Test (SHPTT) for pregnancy did not detect the LH Peak and was less sensitive than other methods in detecting CG. Two RIA methods and a bioassay technique could not distinguish between LH and CG. We concluded that monitoring both estrogen and LH concentration was needed to determine when ovulation occurs in the cotton-top tamarin, since peak values of estrogen are seen after the ovulatory LH peak. Also, these tamarins were pregnant the majority of the time, indicating an unusually high fertility rate in contrast to most noncallitrichid primate species.

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2017International Journal of Primatology 1984The effect of social environment on estrogen excretion, scent marking, and sociosexual behavior in tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)

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1988Sociosexual development, pair bond formation, and mechanisms of fertility suppression in female cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)2004Responsiveness of expectant male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, to mate's pregnancy 2013Evolutionary genetics and implications of small size and twinning in callitrichine primates 1990Reproductive performance and excretion of urinary estrogens and gonadotropins in the female pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea)2000Preparental Hormone Levels and Parenting Experience in Male Cotton-Top Tamarins, Saguinus oedipus 1988Maternal behavior is related to prepartum urinary estradiol levels in red-bellied tamarin monkeys 1989The reproductive status of nonbreeding group members in captive golden lion tamarin social groups 1996Urinary steroid and gonadotropin excretion across the reproductive cycle in female Wied's black tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix kuhli)

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