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espanolSe parte de la definicion de sociedad como el conjunto de las interrelaciones sostenidas por los individuos que la componen para defender que: a) la transformacion de las sociedades es la transformacion de esas relaciones; es decir, la de las funciones psiquicas, relacionales de los miembros de un grupo social son distintas dependiendo de la complejidad que revista aquel; b) para entender las sociedades del pa- sado hay que entender la modelacion de la consciencia u orden de racionalidad de sus protagonistas; c) el estudio de los modos de representacion de la realidad en grupos actuales puede resultar de gran utilidad en dicho analisis; d) existe una relacion estructural entre representacion a traves de metonimias/escaso grado de complejidad socio-economica y a traves de metaforas/elevado grado de complejidad; y e) el mito es el discurso cultural de orientacion e identidad basado en la metonimia. Se analiza un mito transmitido por los Q'eqchi', un grupo de agricultores de tala y quema de Guatemala, como caso de estudio. EnglishThis work takes a starting point: society is the whole of relations stablished between its mem- bers. As a consequence, it is argued that: a) social transformation is the transformation of the psychical -i.e., relational- functions of individuals; b) we need to understand the modelling of consciousness or order of rationality of individuals in the past to be able to understand that past; c) the study of the modes of represen- tation of reality of the present groups can be very useful in this analysis; d) there is a structural relation between representation through metonymy/low level of socio-economic complexity and representation through metaphor/high level of complexity; and e) myth is a cultural discourse of orientation based in metonymys. A myth of the Q'eqchi', a group of slash-and-burn agriculturalists from Guatemala, is used as a case study.
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