The Tongue as a Graphic Symbol of Sexual Abuse

Abstract

Art therapists and other professionals have explored and identified many graphic symbols in children's drawings indicative of sexual abuse (Cohen & Phelps, 1985; Howard & Jacob, 1969; Sidun & Rosenthal, 1987). Yet many art therapists and other professionals who work with children have identified graphic symbols which they believe are indicative of sexual abuse, but have not been verified in thorough research. One such symbol which has not been substantiated by research is the protruding tongue. This paper traces the history of this symbol from ancient times to the present in an attempt to explain the tongue's appearance in the drawings of children who have been sexually abused. Also included is an informal study by the author of the tongue symbol in the art expressions of children who have experienced sexual molestation.

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