Disparities in the Prevalence of Disability Between Black and White Children

Paul W. Newacheck

60 citations0/0 files storedArchives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

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Health disparities and outcomes Child and Adolescent Health Health and Medical Studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine disparities in the prevalence of the limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions or disability for black and white non-Hispanic children and to examine trends over time in the prevalence of disability. DESIGN: We analyzed data on 419,843 children (22,758 with a disability) younger than 18 years included in 14 annual editions of the National Health Interview Survey spanning the period 1979-2000. SETTING: Noninstitutionalized population in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of disability. RESULTS: The prevalence of disability increased markedly for both black and white children between 1979 and 2000. Bivariate analysis demonstrated racial differences that fluctuated through time, but persisted through 2000, with black children experiencing a higher prevalence of disability than white children. Multivariate analyses conducted on the 1999-2000 data indicated that the black-white difference in disability prevalence could be explained entirely by differences in poverty status. CONCLUSION: Black children have higher rates of disability primarily owing to their increased exposure to poverty.

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References

1996Race/ethnicity, the social environment, and health 2000Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: Trends in the Health of Americans During the 20th Century 1996The effects of poverty, race, and family structure on US children's health: data from the NHIS, 1978 through 1980 and 1989 through 1991.1996Racial Differences in Health: Not Just Black and White, But Shades of Gray 1996Trends and differentials in adolescent and young adult mortality in the United States, 1950 through 1993.1996Racial and ethnic disparities in self‐assessed health status: Evidence from the national survey of families and households 1998African-American health: the role of the social environment

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