Article2014

Sibling Bullying and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Harm: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lucy Bowes · Dieter Wolke C · Carol J. Joinson · Suzet Tanya Lereya · Glyn Lewis

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Being the victim of peer bullying is associated with increased risk of psychopathology, yet it is not known whether similar experiences of bullying increase risk of psychiatric disorder when the perpetrator is a sibling. We tested whether being bullied by a sibling is prospectively associated with depression, anxiety, and self-harm in early adulthood. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study using data from >6900 participants of a UK community-based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) who reported on sibling bullying at 12 years. Our main outcome measures were depression, anxiety, and self-harm, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised during clinic assessments when participants were 18. RESULTS: Children who were frequently bullied were approximately twice as likely to have depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.51; P < .001), self-harm (OR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.63-4.02; P < .001), and anxiety (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19-2.81; P < .001) as children who were not bullied by siblings. The ORs were only slightly attenuated after adjustment for a range of confounding individual, family, and peer factors. The population-attributable fractions suggested that 13.0% (95% CI, 1.0%-24.7%) of depression and 19.3% (95% CI, 7.6%-29.6%) of self-harm could be explained by being the victim of sibling bullying if these were causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Being bullied by a sibling is a potential risk factor for depression and self-harm in early adulthood. Our results suggest that interventions designed to target sibling bullying should be devised and evaluated.

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References

1979The Ecology of Human Development 1979The ecology of human development : experiments by nature and design 2001Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire 1994Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do 1997FAMILIES AS SYSTEMS 1994Bullying at School 1995Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents.1983The Family Stress Process

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2015Sibling relationships as sources of risk and resilience in the development and maintenance of internalizing and externalizing problems during childhood and adolescence 2016Correlates of Mental Illness and Wellbeing in Children: Are They the Same? Results From the UK Millennium Cohort Study 2016Childhood bullying victimization is associated with use of mental health services over five decades: a longitudinal nationally representative cohort study 2016Differential neural processing of social exclusion in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury: An fMRI study 2016Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied

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