ABSTRACT In 2011, we initiated a geophysical survey of the Pineland Site Complex. The complex is comprised of two imposing residential midden‐mound groups, two sand burial mounds and several linear (and other) middens along previous shorelines, and a canal system that not only integrated features within the site complex, but also served to connect it to the interior of Pine Island and beyond. For 25 years, archaeologists associated with the Florida Museum of Natural History have conducted extensive investigations at the Complex, clarifying the site's intertwined environmental and human histories. Our research presented here provides additional data to confirm some of the hypotheses generated by this previous research. The geophysical results support previous ideas regarding formation and occupation of former shorelines by Pineland's early fisher–gatherer–hunters. Second, they provide better definition of a small, later‐period secondary canal, a component of the canal system. Most notably, the geophysical survey provides a basis for studying changes in household composition over time via the identification of house patterns in the resulting imaged data. We provide some speculations regarding this shift in residence patterns, suggesting that alterations may have been coeval with environmental changes. These changes may have set the stage for subsequent large‐scale cooperative labour projects, such as Pineland's waterways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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