Province-Level Income Inequality and Health Outcomes in Canadian Adolescents

Elizabeth C. Quon · Jennifer J. McGrath

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Health disparities and outcomes Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations Public Health and Social Inequalities

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of provincial income inequality (disparity between rich and poor), independent of provincial income and family socioeconomic status, on multiple adolescent health outcomes. METHODS: Participants (aged 12-17 years; N = 11,899) were from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Parental education, household income, province income inequality, and province mean income were measured. Health outcomes were measured across a number of domains, including self-rated health, mental health, health behaviors, substance use behaviors, and physical health. RESULTS: Income inequality was associated with injuries, general physical symptoms, and limiting conditions, but not associated with most adolescent health outcomes and behaviors. Income inequality had a moderating effect on family socioeconomic status for limiting conditions, hyperactivity/inattention, and conduct problems, but not for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Province-level income inequality was associated with some physical and mental health outcomes in adolescents, which has research and policy implications for this age-group.

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2005Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence 2010Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us 2004Income Inequality and Health: What Have We Learned So Far?1997Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health inequalities: relative or absolute material standards?2009Income inequality, mortality, and self rated health: meta-analysis of multilevel studies 1999The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health.2007The problems of relative deprivation: Why some societies do better than others 1997Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth?

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