Ratings since the Asian Crisis

Abstract

In terms of foreign finance, the single most important visitor to a developing country in the 1960s was a representative from a Western aid agency; in the 1970s it was a commercial banker eager to recycle OPEC surpluses; and in the 1980s it was an IMF official. Since then it has been a sovereign analyst from one of the leading rating agencies: Moody’s Investor Services, Standard & Poor or Fitch. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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