Ethnic Minorities

Elsie M. J. Smith

178 citations0/0 files storedThe Counseling Psychologist

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Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Counseling Practices and Supervision Resilience and Mental Health

Abstract

This article examines the various types of life stresses that members of racial minority groups experience. A model of the life stress process is presented, and several hypotheses are offered to describe the situation of members of ethnic minority groups with respect to life stress. Propositions leading toward a cross-cultural theory of life stress, ethnicity, and culture are presented. A dominant theme is that culture forms the context in which stressful life events derive their meaning. Each culture has its own barometer for measuring the stressfulness of any life event. There are culturally patterned ways of viewing and responding to stressor stimuli. The Stress, Resistant, Delivery (SRD) model is presented as a theoretical framework for counseling members of ethnic minority groups.

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References

1966Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.1982Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.1954Nature of Prejudice 1969The Handbook of Social Psychology 1967The social readjustment rating scale 1978The Structure of Coping 2013Handbook of Social Psychology 1966Psychological stress and the coping process

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1996Patterns of Coping in Racially Stressful Situations 1999Existential hazards of the multicultural individual: Defining and understanding "cultural homelessness."2009Racial Discrimination: A Continuum of Violence Exposure for Children of Color 1991Relationship of racial identity and gender-role attitudes to Black women's psychological well-being.2003A Longitudinal Analysis of Stress in African American Youth: Predictors and Outcomes of Stress Trajectories 1995Ethnic differences in psychological functioning among black and latino sexually abused girls

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