Le statut de la modélisation dans une démarche interdisciplinaire

Abstract

Le domaine halieutique est sans doute l'un de ceux où le choix d'un modèle a une importance décisive, si bien que l'illustration que l'auteur en tire est particulièrement bienvenue. La démarche de modélisation et la réflexion sur la structure des objets complexes constituent les fils directeurs d'une analyse critique très rigoureuse, dans laquelle les différentes disciplines, des sciences biologiques aux sciences humaines, ont toutes leur mot à dire. An interdisciplinary programme always refers to a thematic problematic and applied objectives, as well as to observations about the real world. A common object is constructed, combining disciplinary points of views. The need for modelling sciences is commonly stated, providing tools that appear necessary for the construction of the common object. Using the statistical concept of sufficiency, we discuss the synthetic aspect of answers given to the questions addressed. Using modelling techniques in an interdisciplinary context may lead to enhance the need for question modification and hence rebuilding the common object. We take the example of the exploitation of a marine renewable resource, described from combinations of two points of view, one regarding the resource, the other regarding the exploitation activity. These combinations are different, according to which point of view is considered first. Based on this particular example, we indicate how ‘orphan’ questions may arise, which can hardly be identified by any of the individual disciplinary points of view. Such questions ought to be taken into consideration if the answers provide sound information related to the thematic domain, such as sustainable development, for example. Their ‘adoption’ is a step in the programme's progressive problematic. The common object makes no sense if disciplinary objects are not explicitly presented. Giving those disciplinary objects the place they should have, would make it easier to identify the role and the place of modelling sciences in interdisciplinary programmes.

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