Postdeployment Battlemind training for the U.K. armed forces: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

Kathleen Mulligan · Nicola T. Fear · Norman Jones · Helen Alvarez · Lisa Hull · Ulrike Naumann +2 more

59 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Traumatic Brain Injury Research Migration, Health and Trauma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Combat exposure can increase the risk of subsequent psychological ill-health in armed forces (AF) personnel. A U.S. postdeployment psycho-educational intervention, Battlemind, showed a beneficial effect on mental health in U.S. military personnel exposed to high combat levels. We evaluated the effectiveness of an anglicized version of postdeployment Battlemind. METHOD: Battlemind was adapted for the United Kingdom. The main amendments were to sections about carrying weapons, driving, and alcohol misuse. The anglicized Battlemind was compared with the U.K. standard postdeployment brief in a cluster randomized controlled trial. At baseline, 2,443 U.K. AF personnel returning from Afghanistan via Cyprus completed questionnaires about their combat experiences and mental health. Of these, 1,616 (66%) completed 6-month follow-up questionnaires. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) to measure probable posttraumatic stress disorder and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure common mental disorders. Secondary outcomes included alcohol misuse, assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and binge drinking. Mixed-effects models were used to account for possible cluster effects. RESULTS: We did not find a difference in mental health or overall AUDIT score. Those who received Battlemind versus the standard brief were less likely to report binge drinking, although the effect size was small (adjusted odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI [0.58, 0.92]). CONCLUSIONS: The anglicized Battlemind did not improve mental health but had a modest impact on the reporting of binge drinking. Alcohol misuse is problematic in military populations; therefore, an intervention that reduces binge drinking may be helpful.

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References

2000Positive psychology: An introduction.1999Validation and Utility of a Self-report Version of PRIME-MD The PHQ Primary Care Study 1988A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire 2004Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care 1997The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care 2010Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Functional Impairment Among Active Component and National Guard Soldiers 3 and 12 Months Following Combat in Iraq 2008Validating the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist with soldiers returning from combat.1991PTSD Checklist—Civilian version (PCL-C)

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2013Alcohol use and trauma exposure among male and female veterans before, during, and after military service 2017Combat Experiences and their Relationship to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in UK Military Personnel Deployed to Afghanistan 2013Stress and Emotional Well-being in Military Organizations 2012Perceptions of stigma and barriers to care among UK military personnel deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq

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