Article2008

Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP

Éric Boëda · Stéphanie Bonilauri · Jacques Connan · Daniel M. Jarvie · Norbert Mercier · Mark H. Tobey +3 more

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis

Abstract

Abstract The authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published inNature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes.

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References

2006A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed 1999Neandertals and modern humans in Western Asia.1996Bitumen as a hafting material on Middle Palaeolithic artefacts 2002Middle Palaeolithic birch-bark pitch 2006Chemical study of triterpenoid resinous materials in archaeological findings by means of direct exposure electron ionisation mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 2007FROM SUSA TO ANURADHAPURA: RECONSTRUCTING ASPECTS OF TRADE AND EXCHANGE IN BITUMEN‐COATED CERAMIC VESSELS BETWEEN IRAN AND SRI LANKA FROM THE THIRD TO THE NINTH CENTURIES AD*1998The archaeological bitumens of Bahrain from the Early Dilmun period (c.2200 BC) to the sixteenth century AD: a problem of sources and trade

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