Guys and Gals Going for Gold

Aaron M. Lowen · Robert O. Deaner · Erika Schmitt

34 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Sports Economics

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Sports, Gender, and Society Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Sports Analytics and Performance

Abstract

We test the hypothesis that women’s empowerment correlates with women’s international athletic success. Greater gender equality (measured using the Gender Inequality Index) is associated with higher participation and medal counts in the Summer Olympic Games from 1996 through 2012. This relationship persists even after controlling for previously identified nation-level predictors of Olympic success and across alternative measures of success (such as shares of the total, percentage within each country, and medals per athlete). These results provide direct evidence for the long-standing claim that girls’ and women’s international athletic achievement is linked to women’s empowerment.

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References

2012Women Empowerment and Economic Development 2000Stereotypes as Dynamic Constructs: Women and Men of the Past, Present, and Future 2009The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries 1994Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women's Sport 1995Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women's Sport.2002Sporting Females 2004Who Wins the Olympic Games: Economic Resources and Medal Totals 2004A Tale of Two Seasons: Participation and Medal Counts at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games*

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2021Forecasting the Olympic medal distribution – A socioeconomic machine learning model 2021Women in International Elite Athletics: Gender (in)equality and National Participation 2015What Goes into a Medal: Women's Inclusion and Success at the Olympic Games*2016Sex Differences in Sport Remain When Accounting for Countries’ Gender Inequality

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