Insiders and Outsiders

Abstract

Interest groups and public administration are both universal features of political life, and this article examines their interaction. This interaction is deemed crucial for an understanding of the formation of public policy in the modern state. Four categories of interaction between pressure groups and bureaucracy are developed, and the extent and types of effects of each on policy is examined. The types of interactions discussed range from legitimate and formal interactions in the Scandinavian countries to sporadic and illegitimate group activities in developed and underdeveloped societies.

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