Neighbourhood street connectivity and injury in youth: a national study of built environments in Canada

Graham C. Mecredy · Ian Janssen · William Pickett

30 citations0/0 files storedInjury Prevention

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Traffic and Road Safety Injury Epidemiology and Prevention

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The influence of the built environment on health is of contemporary societal interest. The design of streets in neighbourhood settings may contribute positively to the health of populations through increased physical activity, but it may also have injury consequences. METHODS: We conducted a national cross-sectional study to describe the injury experiences of 9021 students from 180 Canadian schools that participated in the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Street designs surrounding each school (5 km circular buffer) were estimated via geographic information systems for three established measures of connectivity (intersection density, average block length and connected node ratio). A composite scale of connectivity was derived using factor analysis. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the composite connectivity measure and students' reports of physical activity injuries occurring in the street (street injuries). RESULTS: Students living in neighbourhoods with low versus high street connectivity reported possible increases in the occurrence of street injuries (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.84 to 2.26). This relationship was mainly attributable to the occurrence of bicycle injuries (52% of all street injuries; OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.28 to 4.25). The population attributable risk was 20% for street injuries potentially caused by living in an area with low connectivity. CONCLUSION: The design of streets, as a measure of the built environment, is related to the occurrence of youth injury. Positive effects of poorly connected street designs that are likely in terms of physical activity were offset by negative injury outcomes, although the injuries observed were mostly minor in nature.

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References

2003Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation 2008Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Family Affluence Scale 2006Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality 2006The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review 2009The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature 2006Active Community Environments and Health: The Relationship of Walkable and Safe Communities to Individual Health 2007Comparing circular and network buffers to examine the influence of land use on walking for leisure and errands 2001THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH

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