Gender and Employment in Rural Afghanistan, 2003—5

Abstract

This article explores female employment in rural Afghanistan, based on the 2003 and 2005 Nationwide Risk and Vulnerability Assessments (NRVA) covering thousands of households. Rural female employment involves about a quarter of rural women and a quarter of rural households. Female employment rates are much lower across the conservative southern belt. A majority of rural working women are in wage jobs, paid much less than men. Few employed women have control over their earnings. Better-educated rural women have higher participation and lower unemployment, especially in medium and better-off households. Female unemployment rates are double men's rates. The article highlights priorities for research and policy implications.

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