Demographic transition and demographic imbalance in India

Abstract

In the coming decades, there will be growing demographic disparity in India and, like economic disparity, this should be a matter of serious concern for our planners and policy–makers. This demographic disparity leading to demographic imbalance may cause considerable social turbulence and may even pose a threat to political stability. Demographers must look far beyond demographic statistics and anticipate the consequences of demographic imbalance between different regions and states in India as well as between different religious communities, castes and tribes. Relevant data based on 1991 Census and National Family Health Survey (1992-93) are presented to highlight the ‘North-South Demographic Divide’. The world population problem is zeroing in on South Asia and in particular, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. India has a special responsibility in this regard because it is the second most populous country in the world, and is threatening to be the most populous country by the year 2035 or so. India owes to the world a speedy resolution of the population problem by rapidly curbing the birth and death rates as also the infant mortality rate. The crux of India’s population problem lies in the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh,

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