Articlehybrid2011

Compensatory Neural Reorganization in Tourette Syndrome

Stephen R. Jackson · Amy L. Parkinson · JeYoung Jung · Suzanne Ryan · Paul S. Morgan · Chris P. Hollis +1 more

147 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Biology

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Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

Abstract

Children with neurological disorders may follow unique developmental trajectories whereby they undergo compensatory neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function that help them gain control over their symptoms. We used behavioral and brain imaging techniques to investigate this conjecture in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Using a behavioral task that induces high levels of intermanual conflict, we show that individuals with TS exhibit enhanced control of motor output. Then, using structural (diffusion-weighted imaging) brain imaging techniques, we demonstrate widespread differences in the white matter (WM) microstructure of the TS brain that include alterations in the corpus callosum and forceps minor (FM) WM that significantly predict tic severity in TS. Most importantly, we show that task performance for the TS group (but not for controls) is strongly predicted by the WM microstructure of the FM pathways that lead to the prefrontal cortex and by the functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent response in prefrontal areas connected by these tracts. These results provide evidence for compensatory brain reorganization that may underlie the increased self-regulation mechanisms that have been hypothesized to bring about the control of tics during adolescence.

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References

1989The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: Initial Testing of a Clinician-Rated Scale of Tic Severity 2002Tourette's syndrome 2006Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research 2007Neural correlates of tic severity and cognitive control in children with Tourette syndrome 2004Motor inhibition in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: functional activation patterns as revealed by EEG coherence 2006Enhanced Cognitive Control in Young People with Tourette's Syndrome 2009Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in Tourette Syndrome: evidence from voxel-based morphometry and magnetization transfer imaging 2004Altered Interhemispheric Connectivity in Individuals With Tourette’s Disorder

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2014Increased GABA Contributes to Enhanced Control over Motor Excitability in Tourette Syndrome 2015Inhibition, Disinhibition, and the Control of Action in Tourette Syndrome 2019Tics and Tourette Syndrome 2014Tics and Tourette Syndrome 2017The puzzling question of inhibitory control in Tourette syndrome: A meta-analysis

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