The soldier and the seductress: a post‐structuralist analysis of gendered citizenship through inclusion in and exclusion from language and social studies textbooks in Pakistan

Abstract

An important dimension of inclusive education is the discursive inclusion and exclusion in and by texts (curricula and textbooks). Such inclusion and exclusion seriously affects inclusive education especially with respect to the representation of gendered, ethnic, class based, racial and other minorities. In this paper I focus on gendered exclusion of women and to some extent minorities from the citizenship discourse in Pakistan. I argue that curricula and the textbooks in Pakistan discursively constitute gendered citizens through totalization, classification and normalization. These subjects are then positioned in such a way that women and minorities are largely excluded from the citizenship discourse.

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