Women's Political Representation and Welfare State Spending in 12 Capitalist Democracies

Catherine Bolzendahl · Clem Brooks

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Social Policy and Reform Studies Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Gender Politics and Representation

Abstract

One of the sharpest criticisms of welfare state research is insufficient attention to factors relating to gender relations and inequalities. Recent scholarship has begun to address welfare state effects on gender-related outcomes, but the evaluation of theories of welfare development with respect to gender factors is somewhat less developed, leaving open a number of important questions regarding gender as a mechanism behind welfare state development. Using established theoretical perspectives as a baseline model, this study evaluates the effects of women's political power on welfare state effort within 12 capitalist democracies. Cross-sectional time-series analyses of OECD data provide evidence for the impact of women's political representation on levels of social expenditure. Further, women's political representation mediates a portion of the effects of women in the labor force. We discuss implications for extending welfare state theory and for refining the role of gender-related mechanisms in welfare state development.

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References

1995What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data 2001The New Politics of the Welfare State 2002Why We Need a New Welfare State 1998The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries 1993Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: The Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations and Welfare States 2000Is Anyone Doing the Housework? Trends in the Gender Division of Household Labor 1993Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States.1997The Time Bind

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