Article2009

The Paradox of Received Social Support

469 citations0/0 files storedPsychological Science

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Attachment and Relationship Dynamics Family Dynamics and Relationships Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Abstract

Although the perception of available support is associated with positive outcomes, the receipt of actual support from close others is often associated with negative outcomes. In fact, support that is "invisible" (not perceived by the support recipient) is associated with better outcomes than "visible" support. To investigate this paradox, we proposed that received support (both visible and invisible) would be beneficial when it was responsive to the recipient's needs. Sixty-seven cohabiting couples participated in a daily-experience study in which they reported on the support they provided and received each day. Results indicated that both visible and invisible support were beneficial (i.e., associated with less sadness and anxiety and with greater relationship quality) only when the support was responsive. These findings suggest that the nature of support is an important determinant of when received support will be beneficial.

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References

1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.1988Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.2000Invisible support and adjustment to stress.1998Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges.2004Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness 2004Handbook of closeness and intimacy

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