Research on cultures: how to use it in training?

Abstract

This article targets researchers who use culture as a control variable and trainers or consultants who use it when they speak about leadership, communication, management or other aspects of working life. It briefly sketches the state of the art in the study of culture. By and large the dimensional paradigm first introduced by Hofstede and expanded upon by many others has proven very useful. It is unfortunately opposed by some who use dimensions at the level of the individual and thus confuse dimensions with stereotypes. The article then gives some advice to researchers of cross-cultural issues. In these, making a clear separation between the concepts of culture as something implicit and group identity as something conscious is important. Finally, a number of tips for trainers are presented.

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