Desconto do futuro e percepção de tempo

Abstract

Every moment we have to decide, and during this process cognitive biases can occur.Decision making almost always includes the temporal dimension.Human beings and other animals prefer the present, phenomenon known as future discounting.There is almost no consensus about the psychological antecedents of future discounting.Its occurrence varies with the species, the individual, the gender, the age, and different contexts for the same individual.We can understand the functioning of human mind studying the cognitive biases and the context of their occurrence, moreover we can prevent their occurrence when they are prejudicial.There are not many studies on intertemporal choice and time perception, therefore we want to contribute to the literature, adding data and reflections in this area.We explored the time perception, trough four experimental conditions, and controlling gender, age, marital status and if the participant had children or not.We had 208 participants, 117 women and 91 men, ages varying from 18 and 71, which answered to an anonymous online questionnaire, voluntarily.There were four instruments, one to verify the discounting future rate ("Gift certificate Scenario" ) with four experimental conditions corresponding to four different ways of presenting the three months interval , one to verify risk aversion ("Risk aversion"), and two to verify time perception ("Distance to the date", "Zimbardo time perspective inventory").There was no difference in the four experimental conditions; women had a higher future discounting rate than men, and younger participants had a higher discounting rate than older participants.Women were more risk averse than men.Younger participants had more propensity to the present than older participants.Women had more propensity to the future than men.The higher the discounting rate, higher the subjective distance of the date.There were no influence of the way the date is present, neither the participant´s marital status or if the participant had children or not.Age and gender showed an influence in time perception and future discounting.

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