Articlebronze2009

Electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant with a quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer

Samuel P. Benz · David R. White · Jifeng Qu · Horst Rogalla · Weston L. Tew

27 citations0/0 files storedComptes Rendus Physique

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Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation Calibration and Measurement Techniques Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques

Abstract

Currently, the CODATA value of the Boltzmann constant is dominated by a single gas-based thermometry measurement with a relative standard uncertainty of 1.8 × 10 − 6 [P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, D.B. Newell, CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2008) 633–730]. This article describes an electronic approach to measuring the Boltzmann constant that compares Johnson noise from a resistor at the water triple point with a pseudo-random noise generated using quantized ac-voltage synthesis. Measurement of the ratio of the two power spectral densities links Boltzmann's constant to Planck's constant. Recent experiments and detailed uncertainty analysis indicate that Boltzmann's constant can presently be determined using Johnson noise with a relative standard uncertainty below 10 × 10 − 6 , which would support both historic and new determinations.

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References

1980New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance 2012CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 2008CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006 1996The status of Johnson noise thermometry 2008Measurement time and statistics for a noise thermometer with a synthetic-noise reference 2008Improvements in the NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System

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2017The NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System for the Determination of the Boltzmann Constant 2017Spectral model selection in the electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry 2017Frequency-response mismatch effects in Johnson noise thermometry 2024Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry 2010A simple, sensitive circuit to measure Boltzmann's constant from Johnson's noise 2011Reduced Nonlinearity Effect on the Electronic Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant

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