Changing World Prices, Women's Wages, and the Fertility Transition: Sweden, 1860-1910

Tanja Schultz

244 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Political Economy

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Historical Economic and Social Studies Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences

Abstract

This paper identifies demand induced changes in the price of women's time as a factor determining the fertility transition.Changes in world prices of grains and animal products in the 1880's affected the composition of Swedish output and labor demands.The increase in the price of butter relative to grains improved women's wages relat.ive to men's, and contributed thereby to the decline in fertility.When child mortality, urbanization, and the real wages of men are held constant, aggregate county-level•data for a 50-year period, 1860-1910, suggest that this exogenous appreciation in the value of women's time, relative to men's, explains a quarter of the concurrent decline in Swedish fertility.

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References

1960An Economic Analysis of Fertility 2013An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)1986An essay on the principle of population, as it affects the future improvement of society 1961Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries.1985Time-Series Growth in the Female Labor Force 1980Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation

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