Attachment, Cognitive, and Motor Development in Adopted Children: Short-term Outcomes after International Adoption

W. Monique van Londen · Femmie Juffer · Marinus H. van IJzendoorn

142 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Pediatric Psychology

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Child Welfare and Adoption Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research Attachment and Relationship Dynamics

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine infant attachment and developmental functioning shortly after international adoption. METHODS: At 14 months, infant-mother attachment and mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) development were assessed in 70 internationally adopted children. Mean age at arrival was 5.5 months, mean stay in the adoptive family 8.7 months. RESULTS: Adopted children's MDI and PDI did not deviate from normative scores. Also, their secure-insecure attachment distribution was comparable with that of normative groups. However, more adoptees were disorganized attached (36 vs. 15% in normative groups). Temporary residence in a foster home in the country of origin before adoption was related to higher MDI and PDI, whereas disorganized attachment in the adoptive family was related to lower MDI and PDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of internationally adopted children form secure attachment relationships and function at normative developmental levels shortly after adoption. Residence in a foster family before adoption may partly prevent developmental delays.

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References

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2010Subjective and Objective Measures of Parent-Child Relationship Dysfunction, Child Separation Distress, and Joint Attention 2017Child violence experiences in institutionalised/orphanage care 2012Infants' responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness after international adoption from institutions or foster care in China: Application of Emotional Availability Scales to adoptive families 2009Developmental and Behavioral Performance of Internationally Adopted Preschoolers: A Pilot Study

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