David Riesman and the Concept of Bibliographic Citation

Abstract

In this article, we discuss how, over time, both the concept and the function of bibliographic citation change and correspond to Riesman's three types of personal character.First in the tradition-directed period, titles come before authors, since the writer is seen as merely the instrument of authority.In the inner-directed period, a transition occurs, with the author's name coming before the title.Finally, in the present time, which corresponds to Riesman's other-directed period, the format for the bibliographic citation becomes formalized, and the concept of its function changes dramatically.Ultimately the citation becomes a symbol for both substantive content and for intellectual property.

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