Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government—Fighting Poverty: Lessons from Recent U.S. History

Rebecca M. Blank

120 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Economic Perspectives

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Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Labor market dynamics and wage inequality Income, Poverty, and Inequality

Abstract

Welfare reform efforts in the 1990s aimed at reducing welfare dependence and moving women into work. Public assistance use fell and labor force participation among mothers rose at a stunning rate over the decade. Poverty declined, but at a slower rate. These changes are causally related to the strong macroeconomy, welfare reform efforts, and other policy changes, especially the EITC and minimum wage expansions. This paper concludes that all of these effects reinforced each other, producing very large behavioral changes. It is too early to predict the effects of these changes on long-term family well-being.

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References

1996Labor Supply Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit 2001Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers 1995Labor Supply Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit 2000What has Welfare Reform Accomplished? Impacts on Welfare Participation, Employment, Income, Poverty, and Family Structure 2001Exporting workfare/importing welfare-to-work: exploring the politics of Third Way policy transfer 1999Child Care and Mothers' Employment Decisions 1999What Goes Up Must Come Down?1999Welfare Reform, the Business Cycle, and the Decline in AFDC Caseloads

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2019Theories of the Causes of Poverty 2011Progress for the Poor 2004Growing Public 2004The US Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence 2007Welfare Reform and Family Expenditures: How Are Single Mothers Adapting to the New Welfare and Work Regime?2020The anatomy of behavioral responses to social assistance when informal employment is high

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