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Intimate partner violence and its association with maternal depressive symptoms 6–8 months after childbirth in rural Bangladesh

Zarina Nahar Kabir · Hashima E Nasreen · Maigun Edhborg

71 citations0/0 files storedGlobal Health Action

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Attachment and Relationship Dynamics Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), a gross violation of human rights, ranges widely across the world with higher prevalence reported in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence related mainly to physical health shows that IPV has both direct and indirect impacts on women's health. Little is known about the impact of IPV on the mental health of women, particularly after childbirth. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of IPV experienced by women 6-8 months after childbirth in rural Bangladesh and the factors associated with physical IPV. The study also aims to investigate the association between IPV and maternal depressive symptoms after childbirth. DESIGN: The study used cross-sectional data at 6-8 months postpartum. The sample included 660 mothers of newborn children. IPV was assessed by physical, emotional, and sexual violence. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale assessed maternal depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Prevalence of physical IPV was 52%, sexual 65%, and emotional 84%. The husband's education (OR: 0.41, CI: 0.23-0.73), a poor relationship with the husband (OR: 2.64, CI: 1.07-6.54), and emotional violence by spouse (OR: 1.58, CI: 1.35-1.83) were significantly associated with physical IPV experienced by women. The perception of a fussy and difficult child (OR: 1.05, CI: 1.02-1.08), a poor relationship with the husband (OR: 4.95, CI: 2.55-9.62), and the experience of physical IPV (OR: 2.83, CI: 1.72-4.64) were found to be significant predictors of maternal depressive symptoms among women 6-8 months after childbirth. Neither forced sex nor emotional violence by an intimate partner was found to be significantly associated with maternal depressive symptoms 6-8 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to screen for both IPV and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. Since IPV and spousal relationships are the most important predictors of maternal depressive symptoms in this study, couple-focused interventions at the community level are suggested.

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References

2002Health consequences of intimate partner violence 2006Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence 2011What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence 2012Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2010Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries 2008The impact of intimate partner violence on women's reproductive health and pregnancy outcome 2010Violence against women by their intimate partner during pregnancy and postnatal depression: a prospective cohort study 2005Factors Associated with Spousal Physical Violence Against Women in Bangladesh

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2019Factors associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst sub‐Saharan African adolescents aged 10‐19 years: cross‐sectional study 2019Intimate partner violence and depression in rural Bangladesh: Accounting for violence severity in a high prevalence setting 2017Exploring the associations between intimate partner violence victimization during pregnancy and delayed entry into prenatal care: Evidence from a population-based study in Bangladesh

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